Abstract
In recent years, DAOs have significantly advanced in growing communities and launching impactful initiatives. As these organizations scale, maintaining secure, transparent, and accessible governance becomes increasingly critical. Many DAOs like Paraswap commonly encounter governance challenges, including concentrated voting power and gaps in essential governance metrics. Addressing these issues effectively requires comprehensive governance research supported by specialized analytics.
Curia Lab proposes a Governance Research & Analytics initiative specifically tailored to Paraswap DAO. This initiative begins with in-depth research into existing governance dynamics, delegate behavior patterns, voter participation, and centralization risks. Insights from this research will inform the development of targeted analytics tools and recommendations to empower the community and support more transparent, effective decision-making.
Motivation
After serving as delegates for ParaSwapDAO for several months and engaging in discussions with fellow delegates, weâve encountered challenges in accessing comprehensive governance data. It is particularly difficult to obtain metrics on current voting power distribution, and key delegate behaviors, including changes in the voting power of key delegates and the overall votable supply. We believe there is a need for dedicated research and analytics to fill these information gaps, enhance transparency, and strengthen overall governance within the ecosystem.
From our initial observation, ParaswapDAO governance faces two key challenges:
1. Lack of Critical Governance Metrics:
We observed that the votable supply is not being calculated. The current mechanism requires users to stake in order to vote, and if a user decides to pool 80% PSP with 20% ETH, they receive a 2.5x boost in voting power. Although tracking this data might be challenging, it is crucial for the DAO to monitor the votable supply. This would allow the DAO to adjust the quorum relative to the votable supply and track changes over time to maintain a healthy governance process.
Furthermore, some delegates exhibit highly volatile voting behavior due to the PSP/ETH pool multiplier. Therefore, it is necessary to track and monitor delegate voting activity to prevent any unusual behavior that could lead to a governance attack.
For example, Enerow.eth exhibits significant fluctuations in voting power. For the OAK Research Grant proposal, he held 2.2M VP, however, for the subsequent proposal, the ParaSwap Delegate Incentives Program, his VP surged to 122M, which represents 1/3 of the total voting power cast.
While these actions may not currently harm the DAO, itâs important to monitor them closely in case a governance attack occurs, thereby preventing any attempts to compromise ParaSwapâs governance.
2. High Voting Power Concentration in DAO Governance:
A few delegates in Paraswapâs DAO currently control a disproportionately large share of the votable supply. While itâs common for early-stage DAOs to have token holdings concentrated among a small group of contributors, it remains essential to monitor these dynamics to ensure transparency and fairness for all participants.
Concentration of Voting Power
Recent research indicates that:
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Top Delegate Impact: The single top delegate holds 13.44% of the votable supply. With the quorum set at approximately 25M PSP tokens, this delegateâs voting power is around 121.9M PSP tokensâroughly 4.9 times the quorum. Such an imbalance can undermine the fundamental purpose of a quorum, which is to ensure a minimum level of participation.
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Delegated Influence: In practice, only the top eight delegates are needed to influence the outcome of proposals, meaning that a small group of individuals can steer the DAOâs decisions.
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Impact on Decision-Making: In the last 10 proposals, the average voting power was approximately 246.54M PSP were cast. Given that the top delegate alone wields 121.95M votes, this single entity could potentially influence nearly 49.4% of the voting outcome, further emphasizing the potential for centralized control within the DAO.
Delegate Distribution Breakdown
An analysis of the voting power distribution among delegates in Paraswap breakdown clearly shows that the top 10 delegates alone control more than 50% of the voting power, highlighting a significant risk of centralization.
Ref.
- Top 1â10: 58.79% of total voting power
- Top 11â50: 26.50% of total voting power
- Top 51â200: 11.62% of total voting power
- Top 201â500: 1.91% of total voting power
- Top 501â1000: 1.20% of total voting power
Our analysis of Arbitrum, which is considered one of the leading DAOs, shows that the top 1â10 delegates account for only 39.6% of the voting power among the top 1,000 delegates. This more balanced distribution suggests that there is significant room for Paraswap to improve its voting power distribution.
One of the worldâs leading venture capital firms recently published a report on governance, highlighting the importance of delegation in online governance. The report states that while user-friendly delegation websites can increase voter participation by over 20%
Proposed Solution
We propose a robust Governance Monitoring & Analytics Service that continuously tracks, analyzes, and reports on key governance activities. This integrated solution comprises:
- Governance Analytics Monitoring
- Governance Research & Data Reports
- API & Integration Toolkit
Tailored specifically to ParaswapDAOâs governance needs, this service provides comprehensive, actionable insights into delegate behaviors, voter participation trends, voting power distribution, and governance risks. By leveraging near real-time data feeds, ParaswapDAO will benefit from improved delegate accountability, informed strategic decisions, and proactive risk monitoring.
Our overarching vision is to serve as an end-to-end governance data infrastructure, ensuring DAO governance is transparent, measurable, and secureâfully aligned with ParaswapDAOâs objectives for increased participation and sustainable governance excellence.
Governance Analytics Monitoring
A comprehensive analytics tool that visualizes key governance metrics, tracks voting power distribution, and provides detailed monitoring of delegate performance and governance risks.
Key Metrics Tracking Include:
Holder Metrics: It enables us to understand the distribution of PSP token holders and quantify the untapped PSP that can be converted into active voting power.
Metrics
- Holder Wallets: Represents the total count of unique wallet addresses holding or vested with the PSP token.
- Token Supply: Displays the total amount of PSP tokens available, including both circulating and vested tokens.
- Votable Supply: Indicates the number of tokens that can be used to vote, including those that are vested.
- Share of Votable Supply: The percentage of the total circulating supply that is currently delegated and available to participate in governance votes.
Delegate Metrics: It provides insights into the role of delegates within the governance process, highlighting their influence and activity over time. This would empower token holders to make informed decisions when selecting delegates and ensure that these representatives actively serve the community.
Partial Delegated Token: Displays the voting power received through partial delegation, where individuals have distributed their votes among multiple delegates.
Metrics
- Delegated Table: Displays ranking, delegate name, delegated tokens (% voting power), delegating address, voting turnout, and the most recent five votes.
- Voter Turnout: Tracks individual participation by monitoring recent proposal activity.
- Delegate Profile: A dedicated page for each delegate, displaying all proposals they have voted on or abstained from.
- Rationale Vote: Tracks whether a delegate only votes or also provides a rationale and discussion for their vote, both on-chain and in forums.
- Non-Conformity Ratio: Displays the ratio of times a delegate votes against the majority.
- Delegation Tracking: Monitors changes in the amount of delegation each delegate receives by evaluate through staking mechanism and (Future development).
Voting Power Metrics: It provides insights into the distribution of governance power by highlighting metrics such as the distinction between small and large holders, overall voting power distribution, and levels of decentralization. . These metrics help identify centralization risks and drive initiatives toward a more decentralized voting landscape.
Metrics
- Delegate Nakamoto Coefficient: The number of top delegates required to control 50% of the votable supply.
- Delegate Quorum: The number of top delegates needed to reach the proposal quorum.
- Distribution of Voting Power: Compares voting power between small and large holders, including data on tokens delegated by each group, the percentage of wallets that have delegated their voting power, and a detailed comparison of voting power between the two groups.
Proposal Metrics: This section offers comprehensive insights into governance proposals, helping ParaswapDAO understand proposal dynamics, community engagement levels, and voting outcomes. This enables the DAO to identify popular proposal topics, refine strategic governance decisions, and improve overall decision-making responsiveness to community interest.
Metrics
Proposals Table: Displays all proposals with details such as name, status, outcome, and category
Participation Metrics: It provides insights by identifying areas of low engagement, highlighting opportunities to boost overall participation. These metrics also enable detailed tracking of delegate and voter involvement, allowing the DAO to develop targeted strategies that effectively increase governance activity.
Metrics
- Proposal Engagement Overview: Includes unique voter counts, total voting power used, and participation rate relative to the votable supply.
- Tracking Participation: Monitors participation among the top 1000 delegates.
- Delegated Voting Power Analysis: Compares voting power delegated from small versus large holders across various delegate categories (active, inactive, ghost) and provides a breakdown of delegators by size for each category.
Voter Behavior: Voter behavior analytics assist ParaswapDAO in optimizing governance effectiveness by pinpointing the optimal timing for voting periods to maximize participation. This ensures critical proposals receive adequate attention at the right times, enhancing the overall responsiveness and efficiency of governance processes.
Metrics
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Voting Density: A heat map showing voting density over different time periods.
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Voting Momentum: Tracks voting momentum during various stages of the voting cycle (early, normal, late, and ending).
Governance Research & Data Reports
Delivers customized and regular deep-dive governance analyses, converting complex data into actionable insights:
- Deep Governance Research: Identifying governance gaps and opportunities, innovating targeted metrics.
- Tailored Insights: Customized analytics frameworks and actionable recommendations specifically aligned with measurable KPIs such as increased voter turnout, improved delegate engagement, and reduced voting concentration risks for ParaswapDAO.
- Periodic Reporting: Comprehensive analysis including data interpretation, key metrics tracking, actionable recommendations, and visual clarity with intuitive charts and graphs. The report will specifically align with ParaswapDAOâs voting cycle, prioritizing near-term data relevant to upcoming governance decisions and minimizing reliance on historical data unless directly impacting future governance actions
Data & API Provider
To empower ParaswapDAOâs community, we provide an open and robust infrastructure for easy access and integration of governance data across the ecosystem. This service is specifically designed to enhance transparency and facilitate data-driven governance initiatives, directly supporting community-led programs such as the Delegate Incentive Program (DIP).
- Public API Access: Offers real-time access to governance analytics, enabling external researchers, delegates, and community stakeholders to transparently track delegate performance, voting patterns, and the effectiveness of incentive programs such as DIP.
- Integration toolkit: Provides a flexible, plug-and-play toolkit, allowing easy embedding of governance analytics into Paraswapâs existing platforms, dashboards, or community applications without extensive technical resources or overhead.
- Collaborative and Community-Centric Development: Built collaboratively with the Paraswap community to continuously refine data access, usability, and integration, ensuring the service remains responsive to unique governance needs and priorities.
Contribution of Our Services in Other DAOs
Curia Labâs experience includes:
- Governance Analytics & Monitoring Services: We have built comprehensive tools for projects such as ArbitrumDAO, SafeDAO, and the Optimism Collectiveâdelivering actionable insights and fostering community engagement.
- In-Depth Metrics Analysis: Our previous work has focused on detailed monthly governance report, including voting power concentration, proposal dynamics, participation rates, and delegate performance, which contributes into change within the community, (eg. SafeDAO implementation of OBRAâs Steering Committees and Council Structures.)
- Community-Focused Research: We have actively collaborated with DAO communities to refine methodologies and ensure our tools meet evolving governance needs. (eg. Measuring the Concentration of Power in the Collective, Voting Influence and Concentration Analysis (VICA) for the Optimism Collective )
Our proven track record demonstrates our ability to design and implement effective governance monitoring systems.
Timeline
The scope of the initiatives will cover the development, deployment, and operation of the Governance Monitoring & Analytics Service over a 12-month period. During this time, the service will be continuously maintained and updated with daily analytics, incorporating community feedback for ongoing improvement.
Milestones
Milestone 1: Initial Design Mockups & Metrics
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Research & Ideation:
We started by identifying key governance metrics and gathering community feedback. We also defined the initial scope for Governance Research & Data Reports and the Public API requirements.
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Design & Mockups:
Based on our research, we created initial mockups focused on user experience and key metrics visualization. These included preliminary designs for the Governance Analytics hub, Research Reports structure, and Public API accessibility. Designs were shared for community feedback.
Milestone 2: Develop monitoring tool, Research Reports, & Public API
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Development Phase 1:
Developed an MVP of the Governance Analytics hub featuring holder metrics and voting power concentration metrics. Initiated development of initial Governance Research Reports framework and basic Public API endpoints. A mid-development preview was released to gather community insights.
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Development Phase 2:
Expanded the analytic hub with additional metrics, including detailed proposal and participation analytics based on community input. Further developed and refined the scope of Governance Research Reports, adding monthly report templates aligned with ParaswapDAOâs governance cycle. The Public API was expanded with real-time endpoints to access essential governance metrics and delegate performance data.
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Testing & Iteration:
Conducted multiple testing rounds for the Analytics hub, Research Reports, and Public API to ensure data accuracy, usability, and functionality. Iterative improvements were applied based on community feedback and internal testing results.
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Launch Governance Analytic hub, Research Reports & Public API:
Official launch of the comprehensive Governance Analytics hub, initial monthly Governance Research & Data Reports, and fully accessible Public API. Gathered immediate post-launch feedback from the community.
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Refinement:
Further refined the Analytic hub, Reports, and API features based on post-launch community insights to enhance usability, accuracy, and user experience.
Milestone 3-12: Maintenance & Continuous Improvement
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Ongoing Maintenance:
Committed to maintaining daily updates across the Governance Analytics Hub, Research Reports, and Public API to ensure reliability and accuracy.
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Continuous Community-driven Iterations:
Ongoing enhancements and feature expansions based on evolving community needs, governance priorities, and user feedback, ensuring sustained relevance and value to ParaswapDAO.
Tech & Data Overview:
We will be developing tools that integrate data from multiple sources including Google BigQuery, Snapshot, and various databases. Our solution features an open-source frontend built in Next JS, which will be hosted on Vercel for optimal performance and reliability. The backend infrastructure will be implemented using Google Cloud services, managed through Curiaâs infrastructure. Weâll develop internal tools to support and categorize new proposals, ensuring efficient data management and classification. The system will aggregate governance data in T-1 days, process it through our middleware layer, and present it through an intuitive analytics interface. This architecture ensures scalability, maintainability, and robust data handling capabilities while maintaining the open-source nature of the project.
KPIs
We will track specific KPIs, including:
- Number of Monthly Visitors
- Link Clicks to Voting Portal
- Mentions & References from Delegates and forums
- Number of API requests call
Budget Request
We are requesting $40K to cover the essential operational costs for our advanced governance analytics platform over a 12-month period.
Total Payment: $40,000
- $20,000 in USDC (Milestone-Based) â Paid in USDC
- $20,000 in PSP = 1M PSP (Vesting starts after 6 months, then vests over the next 6 months)
Milestone Breakdown
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Milestone 1: Initial Design Mockups & Metrics â $5,000 USDC
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Milestone 2: Development of Monitoring Tool, Research Reports & Public API â $7,500 USDC
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Milestones 3-5: Maintenance & Continuous Improvement â $2500 USDC per each milestone
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Milestone 6-12: PSP Vesting for 6 months â $20,000 in PSP (1,000,000 PSP)
This funding will cover:
- Infrastructure: Core services required to support the analytics hub.
- Maintenance & Operations: Ongoing efforts to keep the platform updated and running efficiently.
- Data Management: Expenses for collecting, storing, and processing data.
- Third-Party Services: External solutions that enhance the platformâs functionality.
- Overhead: Administrative and operational expenses that ensure smooth day-to-day operations.
Note: We have absorbed all development costs internally, delivering the platform entirely free of charge. This commitment ensures that all the funds go directly toward maintaining and enhancing operational performance that will directly improve ParaswapDAOâs efficiency and governance.
To ensure that ParaswapDAO retains the tool longevity, we commit to:
- Open-sourcing the UI and formula calculations.
- Exploring integration into Paraswapâs main UI, making governance analytics a permanent feature.
- Aligning with the Growth Group initiative to increase engagement.
Team
Curia Lab brings extensive experience in research, data analysis, and decentralized governance. Our team has actively participated as delegates in multiple DAOs and has developed governance tools for projects such as the Optimism Collective and SafeDAO. We are committed to creating tailor-made, data-driven tools that address the unique challenges and needs of ParaswapDAO.
Contact Information
Twitter: Curia
Telegram: @v3dao, @englandkiiz
Email: varit@curialab.xyz
Website: Curia Hub